女真的汉化道路与大金帝国的覆亡 上(1/9)

【提要】应当如何评价金朝的汉化程度,中外学者历来各执一词。本文认为金朝是一个典型的北方民族汉化王朝。与农耕民族生活方式的接近,女真人的大量移民汉地,政治制度上采取的汉制一元化,以及汉地本位的确立,是决定女真汉化的主要因素。

金朝中期,世宗和章宗为了遏止女真人的汉化趋势,发起一场女真文化复兴运动,企图保存女真民族传统,但却未能达到其预期的目的,最终不得不放弃了对汉文化的抵抗。

蒙元初期,人们曾以“金以儒亡”说来解释金朝的亡国原因。本文对此的理解是:其一,女真人的汉化改变了他们质朴的民族传统,养成懒惰奢靡的生活作风,使这个民族最终走向衰落;其二,女真人的汉化彻底销蚀了其传统的尚武精神,使得这个昔日强大无比的马上民族在蒙古人的铁蹄下变得不堪一击。

inicizationofurchenandtheallofreatinmire

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omesticandinternationalscholarshavehelddifferentviesontheextenttohichtheurchenchangedtheirsocialandculturalcharacterstoardstheanhinese.heresentaerilluminatesthatinasatyicaldynastyofthenorthernnationalityassimilatingitselftotheanculture.hemainfactorsthatdetermineurchen’ssinicizationarereflectedinseveralasects,suchasgainingaccesstoagriculturallivelihoods,abigamountofurchenmigratinginanareas,adotingtheanoliticalsystemasunified,andestablishingitsgovernmentalauthoritiesamongtheaneole.

nthemiddleoftheinynasty,merorshizongandhangzongcalledforacamaignoftheurchenculturalrejuvenation,inordertostothesinicizationandretaintheurchenculturaltradition.uttheyfailedandhadeventuallytogiveutheresistanceoftheanculture.

ntheearlyongol-uanynasty,someeoleconstruedthereasonforthefalloftheinynastryastheinfluenceofonfucianism(“金以儒亡”).hisaerunderstandsthereasonsasfollos:1)urchen’ssinicizationchangeditslainculturaltradition,andnourishedakindoflazy,sluggish,andextravagantlifestyles;suchacommonracticeultimatelymadeitdeclined.2)urchen’ssinicizationtotallycorrodeditstraditionala
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